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Creator of sociology A.Comte developed one from firsts modern theory of science. Main domains - astronomy and mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, sociology - today at next place we can add psychology, he ordered according to the diminishing degree of the generality - diminishing range, from astronomy to sociology, to which accompanies the growth of the complexity of investigated phenomenones. Whereat every domain previous following determines for its indispensable base. From this theory results clearly that sociology investigates most complexity phenomenones and needs proper methods but strongly analogical to methods of physics or biology. The antinaturalistic sociology being expression of unripeness transfers sociology into a sphere of pseudoscience and rubbish.
As biology come its own generally obligatory paradigmatic theory which is theory of evolution, similarly became with sociology. Thus levering of the importance of theory of evolution aground of sociology is similar to levering the importance of theory of evolution aground biology. Both undertakings are in the same way nonsensical and unscientific. 2. Models are a basic component of the scientific explanation and one of bases for building of a theory. It is worth to notice that organicism or organic analogy was a model and not an metaphor. For a development of culture biomorphotical model (from biomorphosis - human life cycle) seems to be useful - similarly as in a field of physics a good model of a structure of atom it proved to be a planetary system. Last period of development of civilization had impetuous character. What corresponds with biomorphotical model but only in its more exact kind. We can say that phases of the mind of a man correspond to the epochs of the mind of the society but partition on phases childhood, youth and adulthood isn't fully precise. It is known that adulthood phase is preceded by a period of ripening, following after a period of childhood. Just in this period we are found at present. It have started not long ago, about year 1700 and characterize it accelerated and even impetuous development, demographic, civilizational and technical.
Applied effectively in my general theory of evolution (see map of my research) logistic development (diag. 1) is best fitted for its description. Till now unsolved problem what means that stormy social development can find a clear explanation aground of proposed theory.
diagram 1. Logistic development
3. In first period dominated fictitious and delusional representations. Which anyway till today kept the vitality.
Still at the beginning the twentieth century came into being the theosophical sect proclaiming the existence of elves, gnomes, and sylphs.
Still alive astrology is the same what a divination from scattered animal bones - so from an
aleatorily obtained configuration, function of bones fulfil planets; "accuracy" comes from inaccuracy of used categories which each separately
can contain any property or notion. Of course, information value of such "method" must be equal zero.
diagram 2. Ripening of civilization. You can also put a backward culture at the bottom of the curve and a technical culture at the top of the curve. The effect of the evolution of recent centuries is the emergence of technical culture. And technics is the effect of reason.
4. General civilizational megaevolution is leading from simple backward culture to complex cosmical culture. It consists of three main
subprocesses connected with three types of civilization, dependently from their cosmic range:
diagram 3. Sociomegaevolution
- Type I, planetary, is connected with transition inside simple backward culture, about 10000 BC- Type II, civilization which is entering in interplanetary space, is connected with transition from simple backward culture to complex scientific culture, present and future time
- Type III, which is entering in interstellar space, far future, this phase will also be a phase of biological transition from a relatively small braincase to a much larger one, which will be controlled by genetic engineering.
6. Psychology can appear as domain extremely helpful for build of sociological theory. If because in psychology must prevail cognitive paradigm then also as same must be in sociology, because social processes are resultant of individual processes. Thus society can be seized as system of transmission of data, informations, knowledge, cognition. Completed by transmission of consumer goods, effects of production, money, interpersonal and emotivic relations. It is worth to see that a notion of system is here understood unlike in hitherto existing sociological theories. In society occur cognitive processes, such as if learning, remembering, creativity which an expression is Culture.
It is possible divide in society in fact three societies, society let us call it cognitively exclusive, society cognitively medial and society cognitively poor. Such divide however does not overlap on other kinds of social stratification, such as stratification of the wealth.
In statistics logistic model connects with normal distribution model which is perfectly fitted to describing of social structure.
diagram 4. Sociostructure
(year 2008)
6. The most fundamental property of the whole population is development or evolution. The culture or civilization develops as well as the population itself. The second most fundamental property of the whole population is its structure. The population is ordered. It is possible to order the population, for example, through the ownership of financial resources, i.e. through wealth. The third most fundamental property of a population is its numerical size.
The fourth most fundamental property of population is that it constitutes a culture. The fifth most fundamental property of a population is its level of development.In my theory, I use the logistic jump model to describe population evolution. Where the old population is replaced by the new, both in culture, where a backward culture is replaced by a technical one, and in the population itself, where completely new members of society appear alongside the old incarnations. To describe the structure, I use the normal distribution model, where I order the population in terms of cognitive level. As for size, the logistic jump model seems to best describe the process of population growth. And here again the old, small population is replaced by a new, very numerous population. As for the culture, the old backward culture has been replaced by a new technical one. As for the level of development, four basic levels can be distinguished. Backward, technical, developed technical and highly developed technical culture. There are cultures of varying degrees of development in the cosmos, including developed and highly developed technical cultures. Our culture is technical culture. (the above paragraph is from year 2023) 7. I assume that there is a God, a Father who is the creator of cosmoses. Marian sanctuaries are unnecessary and their design is based on false premises. Instead, sanctuaries of the Father of cosmoses should be built, with ultramodern architecture. 8. In addition to the properties described in paragraph 6 concerning the general properties of the global population, i.e. concerning all historical eras, we can also distinguish properties concerning particularly modern culture. In addition to the wellknown industrialization and urbanization, we can also distinguish other properties of culture (I use the concept of culture interchangeably with the concept of civilization in this case) modern and ultramodern. The third property of culture is electrification, which is its basis both in earlier times, currently and in the future. The fourth property will be audiovisualization related to electrification, which appeared in the 30s and 50s of the 20th century with the development of radio and television. The fifth property is electronicization occurring some time after audiovisualization. The sixth property will be computerization, initiated in the 80s of the 20th century, related mainly to electrification. We can also talk about the seventh property of ultramodern society, which will be characteristic of the 21st century, related to computerization, internetization. The eighth property is the achievement of the AI program in recent years, it will be, related to computerization, AIntelligentization. The ninth property predicted in the future will be the development of robots on a larger scale than at present, i.e. robotization (the beginnings of which we are already observing - for example, robots in factories). The tenth property of culture is cosmicization, which began in the 1950s - the conquest of space. (the above paragraph is from year 2024) 9. Regarding Marx, about falseness of his conception should testify so called prognoses of Marx concerning future which would have completely to pass with reality. Bankruptcy of cretinous communist systems have showed emptiness of Marxism and boundlessness of stupidity of these which decided thoughtlessly come after Marx. And it was a wide social phenomenon. Still today Marx finds supporters and continuators also in academical environments - fundamental assumption of so called theory of conflict is erroneous, because not conflict but cooperation (solidarity) is base of society. Without it it would not be able arise or exist.
Regarding Weber, the theory on the subject of rising of capitalism seems wrong.
Firstly notion of the capitalism itself which uses Weber is doubtful. Was introduced by Marx, within the framework of his unripe theory. Instead of the notion of the capitalistic society, often is using better notion of industrial society. If we will use this notion then axled will be problem of rising of industry, and for this base determine a development of technics and machines, where axled meaning had an invention of steam engine. Thence a base of development of capitalism in decisive phase was development of technics. 10. Nota bene other "known" German can soon have "a significant" influence on social phenomena. One can believe or not into theory of reincarnation, but for my money this is one from religious conceptions which is valid - of course after certain and pretty thorough corrections, for example conception of karma is in big degree a superstition. Now in years 2040-2070 or 2090-2120 (what less probable, similarly as admissible whole range 2070-2120), it can be expected following public activity of A.Hitler. This information can appear insomuch important that probably he will lead to unleashing of nuclear war, what predictably will cause annihilation of biosphere. It is worth to notice that if he caused eruption of World War II so on the same basis his future political activity is practically tantamount with eruption of world war III (more in my text Return of Hitler and nuclear warfare). I would also like to note the fact that Hitler, from a spiritual level, provoked the war in Ukraine, just as he provoked World War I, when he already had a younger incarnation. In my text, I mentioned several countries where Hitler may appear, but the most likely candidate is Russia. Maybe he was born in 2013 in such country as Belarus. We need to take some steps, especially on the spiritual plane. Steps like spiritual (personal spirit) attack on Hitler. You can call on the US Army to help with this. Personal spirit has a shape of ordinary body and a size several times larger than an ordinary human. A personal spirit also has a fixed gender, being female or male. You can also try to call on all of humanity to launch a spiritual attack on Hitler. 11. Characteristics of extended theory of evolution of Herbert Spencer, presents as follows - process of evolution is an integration of matter, whereat matter passes from a state of undefined, incoherent homogeneity, simplicities, primordialities, physicalnesses, unformed, amorphisms, undimensional, uniformity, homomorphism to a definite, coherent heterogenicity, complexities, modernities, cultural, formation, construction, dimensionality, variousness, polymorphism. This seizure of process of evolution has a polycomplex character. (year 2008) 12. Marxism's errors consist in the fact that 1. The final development is the middle class, not the working class 2. A process of qualitative transition is not necessarily and usually not revolutionary. Even a demographic boom with a growth rate of 2% per year is not revolutionary but evolutionary. Against the background of previous development, it seems very fast, but only because that one was very slow. Therefore, if changes are needed, they should be endeavor gradually, though dynamically reaching them finally 3. Any so called qualitative change - for example, the transition of water into ice, or steam into water - is actually a cumulative quantitative change; that is, a quantitative change taking place quickly over a short period of time (see diagram 1 logistic development, and my text Philosophical research). 14. As I have already noted, conflict theory is incorrect. Because cooperation is the foundation of society, without it it could not arise or exist. As intelligent beings, we should strive for agreement and cooperation, which seems rationally justified. This approach can be called The Theory of Rational Cooperation. For example, education based on the student-teacher relationship involves mutual cooperation between both parties, in the event of a conflict, the education process becomes impossible. Parts of the social system work together, which is the basic property of the system. The benefit and loss account is favorable for cooperation, unlike the conflict where losses prevail. Cooperation is the basis of social order. Through cooperation, something useful is built in society. Through cooperation, basic social structures can come into being, for example the basic unit of society, the family. I would like to add that I am a staunch opponent of abortion, as a form of the most cruel genocide.
As can be seen, reason, and therefore the cognitive powers decide about the ability to cooperate, and therefore the superior theory relative to the theory of rational cooperation is cognitive theory. However, the assumptions of conflict theory are fundamentally wrong. 15. Sociologism (term coined by me) - all sciences, their terms and claims can and should be reduced to sociology. On the one hand, the simplification of science leads to physicalism, and on the other, their complication leads to sociologism. 16. In 2015 Japanese scientists sent 1.8 kilowatts of electricity using microwaves over a distance of 55 meters. Also Japanese scientists from JAXA (Japanese Space Exploration Agency) assume that around 2040 it will be possible to send electricity from Earth's orbit. What I would like to note is the fact that in the distant future it will be possible to send electricity directly from the Sun through wireless channels. (year 2019) 17. If we want to define the era following modernism, instead of using the term postmodernism, we should use the term ultramodernism, which I coined. The era, which can be dated from the year 2000, under my logistic analysis (compare point 3) can last for many thousands or tens of thousands of years. Although in fact the present time (year 2025) could still be described as modernism and the term ultramodernism could be left for the distant future. 18. I consider the entire human population in my previous and current considerations. It can be assumed that there is a global culture with some territorial differentiation. Over the past centuries, this culture has gained previously unknown properties. Among other things, the subjugation of electromagnetism and electricity turned out to be key.
Thanks to electricity, it was created as if a new population brain in which communication, like in an ordinary brain, is based on the flow of electricity. The scope of social communication has developed enormously thanks to, among others, radio, television, telephony and the Internet. It is worth noting that the brain model is similarly suitable for describing the older population, except that the brain of this population was less developed. In addition, planetary culture is undergoing globalization, or homogenization, some unification and equalization across the globe. From these considerations, the concept of population as a brain emerges.
It is worth noting here two circumstances, one is the fact that the brain model perfectly agrees with the cognitive theory of the population, if we assume that the model under consideration is the human brain, because in the human brain cognitive processes prevail. The second is that network concepts fit the brain model very well.
For Culture's memory are primarily responsible its products such as books, and now also data carriers. And so on.
The concept of social brain agrees well with the concept of three subpopulations presented earlier. All manual workers, like the brainstem, are responsible for the vital functions of the population. Intelligentsia in turn, like the cerebral cortex, for the cognitive functions of the population. Intermediate layer for intermediate functions. Intelligentsia, due to the fact that it is responsible for the cognitive functions of the social system, seems in a sense much more important than manual workers, just as the cerebral cortex is in some sense more important than the brainstem. However, this does not mean that the importance of workers and other groups apart from the intelligentsia should be underestimated, because they play an extremely important role in society. Just as the brainstem is responsible for the vital functions of an animal or human organism, similarly, say, workers are responsible for the vital functions of society.
For my cognitive theory, the analysis of the neural network turns out to be crucial.
In addition to the brain model, a model of the cerebral cortex should be considered. The cortical model would agree with the size of the population at the end of the logistic jump, since the number of cells in the cerebral cortex is about 10 billion. The cortical model also agrees with network concepts.
The brain model and cortical model appear to be justified by Comte's theory of science, in which biology is the basis for sociology, and from which the latter science can draw key models for itself. 19. The basic property of a social system is learning. Knowledge as such is practically social, without social interaction knowledge is almost impossible. It boils down to the existence of mainly books, and today also to such media as the Internet. So the social system learns practically everything. On this path, among others, science was created and developed. As part of the system under study, communication takes place that comes to language, whether spoken or written.
Other important properties of the social system are generalization of experience, adaptation, information processing and recognition. Data analysis in the social system makes it possible to determine the causes of failures of specific projects undertaken in the past, thanks to which it is easier to avoid mistakes in the future. There are ten general properties of our social cognitive system:
1) evolution
2) structure
3) numerical size
4) culture
5) level of culture
6) intelligence
7) memory
8) language
9) knowledge
10) learning
The second, lower level is a much larger number - than the number of selected individuals - of individuals that are responsible for collecting and disseminating known knowledge and achievements. These are academics, teachers, authors of textbooks, outlines, encyclopedias, and in the case of art, for example, music performers.
The third, lowest level consists of individuals who only occasionally or never participate in the reception or creation of knowledge and creativity. These will be, for example, workers, people who have completed primary and vocational schools. 31. Correct and incorrect social processes can be distinguished. Nowadays, incorrect social processes include the creation and existence of totalitarian, communist and Nazi systems. The rise and existence of, among others, the Soviet Union and communist China. For example, the center of Shanghai can be considered an example of the most developed ultramodern architecture (see google, Shanghai, images), but this effect was obtained as a result of an incorrect social process. Therefore, it would be better if this city center was not built at all, and the appropriate development should take place within the framework of normal democratic systems. However, the example of Shanghai shows that governments with large state participation (alongside the free market) may turn out to be a beneficial phenomenon. But today's China can be considered an example of one of the worst and most bandit states in the entire world. The best state is one in which the share of the free market, free economy and liberalism occupies half of the state structure, while the other half is occupied by the state, so it is a half-and-half division. (year 2023) 32. The network concept, the neural network, should be interpreted in an appropriate way. Namely, we are actually dealing with a looser structure in the social domain than a typical network. Relations and dependencies are loose in this structure. So in fact we would be dealing with a quasinetwork structure. And the concept I have presented would ultimately be formulated as a quasineural and quasinetwork theory. The model in this case, as is often the case with models in science, is not a strict equivalent of the modeled process or structure. It is a looser representation of the modeled structure considered by me.
Of course, such a property of a social quasinetwork is simultaneously a property of a social structure. Thus, a social structure and any form of social organization has a loose character. It can be said that society is a loose form of organization.
Some of the ten properties of the social cognitive system listed in paragraph 19 are loose, meaning they can be treated as quasi. These include quasiintelligence, quasimemory, and quasilearning. (year 2024) 33. Quote from paragraph 31: "However, the example of Shanghai shows that governments with large state participation (alongside the free market) may turn out to be a beneficial phenomenon... The best state is one in which the share of the free market, free economy, and liberalism occupies half of the state structure, while the other half is occupied by the state, so it is a half-and-half division."
Thus, a socialist-capitalist state would be the optimal state model. With half the socialist part participating and the other half with the capitalist part. However, it would not be a communist-capitalist state, i.e., like today's China, where, incidentally, the state's involvement is excessive. Communism turned out to be a completely failed social experiment and a major disaster, as demonstrated by the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries of Europe. Communism turned out to be bankrupt, and let's hope it will also go bankrupt in China and North Korea. Socialism is a different story, and it doesn't have to be left-wing socialism. One can imagine right-wing socialism, and not extreme right-wing socialism, but moderate. Socialism alone is of course not enough, the state cannot be entirely socialist, capitalism's participation is desirable, and to a broad extent.
Thus, we would have a 50/50 split: half the state and socialism, the other half the free market and capitalism. Regarding cognitive theory and its possible connection to the proposed state model, the brain model may provide some guidance. As we know, the brain consists of two hemispheres, the right and left, both of which are equally important and necessary. Therefore, the structure of the state could be shaped similarly to the structure of the brain. This would indicate that the proposed 50/50 state model would be the most natural and likely optimal model. It would refer to the natural structure, the model of which is one of the essential elements of the proposed sociological theory. (year 2025) 34. It is worth to notice that presented by me theory creates homogeneous cognitive sociological theory. (the above paragraph is from year 2008) Gregory Podgorniak, Poland
Comte's Theory of Science
According to him whole of sciences consists of theoretical and applied knowledge. Theoretical
knowledge divide on general as physics or biology, which are an object of his research and detailed
such as botany, zoology or mineralogy. Main fields mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry,
biology and sociology it is possible to order according to decrescent range of research and
complicatedness of theoretical tools what is connected with growing complexity of investigated
phenomenones. Following sciences are based on previous, for example to methodically capture chemistry,
we must imply acquaintance of physics, because all chemical phenomena are more complicated than
physical phenomena, are also from them dependent and themselves do not have on them an influence.
Similarly sciences classified as earlier, are older and more advanced from these which are presented
as later. This theory is clearly analogous to Mariotte's Law.
Mariotte's Law
Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist, meteorologist, physiologist. He initiated meteorological
research and measurement. In his Discourse on the Nature of Air (1676) coined the word barometer
and formulate basic tenet of physics called Mariotte's law states that at constant
temperature T volume V of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional as its pressure
p:
pV = constant
its graph is hyperbole:
pV = const = nrT
p = rT / V
about the author, My name is Gregory Podgorniak (brn. 01.1977, Szczecinek, West Pomerania, Poland). I am working on field of natural as well as social sciences. During philosophical studies at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (1996-1999) I was actively act in student scientific organisation, got a scientific scholarship and one from my articles titled Circulus vitiosus and fourfold petitio principii in the system of Descartes was published in Humanistic Drafts of Publishing House of Humaniora Foundation in Poznan, no. 6, 1998. Unfortunately certain fate events made impossible to me continuing studies to master's and later doctor's degree. Thence I was forced to be content only with a title of bachelor.Thanks to deep and penetrating researchings I was able to establish indisputably some number of my past incarnations reaching of ancient period, these data are certain, these incarnations are: Auguste Comte (1798-1857) French philosopher and sociologist, Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist and meteorologist, Aenesidemus (1 st century BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Arcesilaus (315-241 BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Gorgias (485-380 BC) Greek sophist. email contact: podgorniakgre@gmail.com see also my text: How to increase your IQ level ? How to improve your IQ ? map of my research
