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similarly was in the case of C. R. Darwin which used
conception of T.R. Malthus when he was elaborating
conspectus of his theory in 1842. Earlier, in 2008 I
worked out a framework of theory of social evolution,
basing on logistic conception which was discovered by
P.F.Verhulst in 1838.
1. Biological evolution The term evolution introduced to biology Charles de Bonnet, Swiss naturalist from XVIII c. A biological evolution we call process of transformations of organisms within many generations, both with reference to transformations of their construction as and functions. It leads from more simple forms to more complex and developed. Eleven billions years took evolution to reach biological phase, but only three to reach first primitive organisms, and only several hundred millions to reach high developed and later intelligent animals. It is rather sure that it is not only perspective delusion arising because of passing of time - like optical delusion when we see close objects more precisely than far. I think that this development can be described the best by so called Logistic development.
diagram 1. Logistic development
In 1972 J.S.Gould and N.Eldredge proposed new conception of evolution - arising of specieses called
Punctuationalism. In this theory speciation, takes place very quickly in not large populations. Can last hundreds of years, what in scales of the geologic time counted in millions and hundreds
of millions of years, has a punctual character. Sigmoid development describes exactly this conception, though
hitherto was not at all considered its use in this intent.In mathematics logistic development coupled is with Normal distribution model. Turns out that also this model, which founds some applications in different disciplines, has important meaning for biology. Simple plants and gymnosperms include above 150 thousands specieses, angiosperms above 250 t. specieses, fungi 1,5 mln, insects about 1 mln, primitive animals tens thousands, fishes 24,5 t., reptiles 13 t., birds 9350, mammals 4630. Moreover the same conception describes evolution on higher levels, Mega - whole biological evolution and Giga - three phases of gigaevolution - see diag 2. Gradual changes on these levels can - in a greater temporal scale - show differentiation. In reference to biological megaevolution logistic theory clearly illustrates and can explain so called "Cambrian explosion" (590-545 millions of years). It shows that development after achievement of certain critical level suddenly accelerates - see end of text - mechanism of evolutional processes. 2. Gigaevolution
diagrams 2,3. Gigaevolution
Quick biological phase was preceded by relatively stable astrophysicochemical phase. Attainment of relatively
stable civilizational - psychosociocultural phase it takes hundreds years. On diagram 3 we can see
Gigaevolution with more details. Cosmological megaevolution was leading from primordial explosion - nb. logistic
development is its perfect model to arising of matter.
Physical from fundamental particles and interactions to atoms and chemical elements. Chemical from inorganic
to organic compounds. Biological from simple cells to intelligent hominids. Civilizational megaevolution is
leading from simple backward culture to complex cosmical culture. It consists of three main subprocesses
connected with three types of civilization, dependently from their cosmic range:- Type I, planetary, is connected with transition inside simple backward culture, about 10000 BC
- Type II, civilization which is entering in interplanetary space, is connected with transition from simple backward culture to complex scientific culture, present and future time
- Type III, which is entering in interstellar space, far future
Processes of gigaevolution and biological megaevolution possess common turning point, it was appearance of fish-amphibia similar to genus Ichthyostega (370 millions of years). According to mechanism of evolutional processes (see p.3) a limiting factor designating this turning point and developmental limits was environment - properties of environment. It designates framework both for mega as well as giga evolution.
diagram 4. Genus being turning point of whole gigaevolution.
Conception of microevolution of Gould-Eldredge can get confirmation from the point of view of my theory of
biomegaevolution, considering that evidences confirming its rightness seem to be more convincing than evidences
in interest of Punctuationalism. Hitherto conception of Gould-Eldredge was treated harshly. There is not its
in basic manuals from a scope of biology.Logistic development can explain also a difference between a qualitative change and quantitative change. It shows that each kind of so called qualitative change, like for example liquefaction of gas, is just some form of quantitative change. Marxists are using conception of change where quantitative changes transform to qualitative change. But this idea is containing fundamental mistake that there is a difference between qualitative and quantitative change. One from subprocesses of sociomegaevolution we can see below. Primordial phase of development of civilization was backward, at present we are during transfer into scientific phase.
diagram 5. Social development. You can also put a backward culture at the bottom of the curve and a technical culture at the top of the curve.
3.
Mechanism of described mega and giga evolutional processes is based on three rules:(1) First predicates that no development cannot last endlessly.
(2) Second that unopposed development has autogenous tendency to self accelerating in compliance with simple rule of duplication or multiplication quantity of evolutional improvements - a model of this process can be sequence of numbers ...0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8.... Simple organisms possess small quantity of adaptive and constructional solutions, multiplication their quantity does not bring through longer time greater results. Only after achievement of certain level of complication their multiplication effects with impetuous development. Similarily as duplication of small values does not bring through longer time greater effects, only after achievement of certain level appears impetuous increase.
(3) Third predicates that when self accelerating evolution meets limiting factors then begins more and more quickly slowdown, in compliance with simple rule of partition - which a model can be sequence of numbers ...8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25.... Complex organisms possess huge quantity of adaptive and constructional solutions, and after achievement of certain level of complication further impetuous increasing of number of complications becomes impossible. They meet limiting factors, which more and more diminish quantity of evolutional improvements. Similarily as first partition of great values brings visible results, later partition of small values does not bring greater effects. Gregory Podgorniak, Poland It can be assume that extinction events are connected clearly with logistic development. Each such event can mean a jump on higher level of evolution. For example last Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event of reptilia tied in with transition on higher level of evolutional development and with a capture of environment by mammalia. What I would like to emphasize is each so called qualitative change, for example the transition of water into ice, or steam into water, is actually a cumulative quantitative change; that is, a quantitative change taking place quickly over a short period of time. So there are no qualitative changes, only quantitative ones. (year 2008) Were it not for the fall of the meteorite 66 million years ago, intelligent reptiles would control the Earth now or in the future. I would add that since intelligent beings of the homo sapiens type have appeared on our planet, it can be expected that also other beings of this type will appear on other planets. In addition, these intelligent reptiles would also probably resemble homo sapiens. The hominidin type may not be uncommon in the cosmos, but there are probably other forms, often very strange ones. (year 2020) The validity of the theory of logistic development is supported by the social theory, where the same concept of development is successfully applied (see my text Sociological theory). (year 2022) In the future, we will probably move to extracorporeal reproduction in artificial conditions. For this purpose, one can imagine incubators with artificially grown biological tissue of the uterus, in which the development of the fetus could take place (on a similar principle, one can imagine the artificial cultivation of meat food). Such extracorporeal reproduction may be necessary due to the enlarged braincases of future superhuman species. With a significantly enlarged braincase, natural birth from the mother's womb may be too difficult or even impossible. Of course, it will be possible to use genetic engineering to control the expansion of the braincase. I will also add that the enlargement of the braincase should not be an unlimited or too far-reaching process, the braincase will be significantly larger compared to the current human species, but it will not be a superbrain, with a head the size of a meter or more. Such a limitation results from the possibility of movement of a given superhuman form, from the ability to keep the head on the neck or move the head, etc. Because for the normal development and life of a given intelligent form, whether a superhuman or some cosmic form, sensory stimuli are needed.
Once a species reaches its maximally enlarged head, one can imagine moving on to extracorporeal brain development and creating meter- or multi-meter-long brains in special devices that would be fed and kept alive by this maximally developed species. This would therefore be a hybrid species (two species cooperating with each other). Perhaps there will be only a few such huge brains. (year 2024)
Comte's Theory of Science
According to him whole of sciences consists of theoretical and applied knowledge. Theoretical
knowledge divide on general as physics or biology, which are an object of his research and detailed
such as botany, zoology or mineralogy. Main fields mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry,
biology and sociology it is possible to order according to decrescent range of research and
complicatedness of theoretical tools what is connected with growing complexity of investigated
phenomenones. Following sciences are based on previous, for example to methodically capture chemistry,
we must imply acquaintance of physics, because all chemical phenomena are more complicated than
physical phenomena, are also from them dependent and themselves do not have on them an influence.
Similarly sciences classified as earlier, are older and more advanced from these which are presented
as later. This theory is clearly analogous to Mariotte's Law.
Mariotte's Law
Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist, meteorologist, physiologist. He initiated meteorological
research and measurement. In his Discourse on the Nature of Air (1676) coined the word barometer
and formulate basic tenet of physics called Mariotte's law states that at constant
temperature T volume V of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional as its pressure
p:
pV = constant
its graph is hyperbole:
pV = const = nrT
p = rT / V
about the author, My name is Gregory Podgorniak (brn. 01.1977, Szczecinek, West Pomerania, Poland). I am working on field of natural as
well as social sciences. During philosophical studies at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (1996-1999) I was actively act in student scientific
organisation, got a scientific scholarship, and one from my articles titled Circulus vitiosus and fourfold petitio principii in the system of Descartes was published in Humanistic Drafts of Publishing House of Humaniora Foundation in Poznan, no. 6, 1998. Unfortunately certain
fate events made impossible to me continuing studies to master's and later doctor's degree. Thence I was forced to be content only with a title of bachelor.Thanks to deep and penetrating researchings I was able to establish indisputably some number of my past incarnations reaching of ancient period, these data are certain, these incarnations are: Auguste Comte (1798-1857) French philosopher and sociologist, Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist and meteorologist, Bodhidharma (5th or 6th century) buddhist patriarch, Aenesidemus (1 st century BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Arcesilaus (315-241 BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Gorgias (485-380 BC) Greek sophist. email contact: podgorniakgre@gmail.com see also my text: How to increase your IQ level ? How to improve your IQ ? map of my research
