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Illustrative formula but not mathematical: STM = S + TM = T + SM = M + ST [spacetimematter = space + timematter = time + spacematter = matter + spacetime] M + ST is concerning macroscopic conditions. If - M, + ST matter loses then spacetime profit, it is distance - perspective, objects decrease with distance - ordinary contraction. If + M, - ST matter profit then spacetime loses, it is bringing closer - perspective, objects increase in progress of bringing closer - ordinary dilatation. S + TM is concerning microscopic conditions. If - TM, + S timematter loses then space profit, it leads to waves and fields. If - S, + TM space loses then timematter profit, it leads to particles.
(year 2011)
2. Quantum gravity How to build new theory I have shown in my article from March of 2006:"we must understand that modern quantum mechanics (which was started with idea of quantums in 1900 and 1905 year) is in its fundaments, only mechanics of particles and electromagnetism. Two main points of starting of quantum mechanics, solution of problem of thermal radiance, and next solution of photoelectric phenomenon, both refer only to problem of particles of electromagnetic waves.
If we are trying to express gravitation correctly we must go out beyond limitations that are accepting at the ground of electromagnetism (which were created old theory of quantums and its descendant, quantum mechanics, in one hand, it was a Planck's constant value, and first theory of relativity of Einstein, at the other hand, it was constant value of speed of light) and designate new field for phenomenon of gravitation. We must use different measurement for gravitation and different measurement for electromagnetism." Also in this article I have proposed new borders for gravitation.
We can say that there is, very much smaller than length of Planck, size right for quantums of gravitation, it is a new base very small size value is about 10^-65 m (above part of this paragraph is from year 2012).
In the first generation of particles (see paragraph 3), space changes state and creates matter. These particles are actually made of space, only space in an altered state. Gravitons are made of space. This space in the case of gravitons is in an altered state (this also applies to particles at a level close to the level of gravitons that build matter). Gravitons are bulges of space. Due to the curvature of space, they acquire an attractive charge. These are the basics of Quantum Gravity (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2023). 3. Galactical model of subquark particles Electrons, quarks and gluons possess internal structure, consist of quadrillion of particles of size about 10^-35 m [they correspond with photons], these then from quadrillion of particles about 10^-50 m, these then from quadrillion of particles about 10^-65 m [they correspond with gravitons]. To confirm legitimacy of assuming of hypothesis of internal structure of smallest from hitherto known structural subatomic particles as electrons, quarks and gluons it can be invoked the theory of science created by A.Comte (see after text Comte's Theory of Science).
diagram 1. Galatical model
Every following field uses in a large extent from previous, sociology from biology - theory of evolution, biology
from chemistry - an example biochemistry, chemistry from physics - even if structure of atom and periodic table,
physics from astronomy. Invoking astronomy it can be in physics reach eg. conception of existence of atoms and
their internal structure - stars, planets, planetary system. It can be also reach models applied in conception
of subquark particles and QG. It is galactical, cosmical and supercosmical model. Mystery of dark matter can be explained in this way that preonical particles possess mass (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2014).A more careful analysis of the galactical model leads to the conclusion that there are more types of particles of the right type. Types of stars, by supergiants, giants, dwarfs, all the way to the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy would correspond to the types of these particles. Cosmical model analysis leads to similar conclusions, where the types of particles would correspond to the appropriate types of galaxies. At the end, the analysis of the supercosmical model leads to similar conclusions.
In addition, it can be assumed that there are types of photon-like particles and corresponding waves with significantly higher speeds than the speed of light. So there are non-electromagnetic waves far above the speed of light (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2019).
Particles much faster than photons are related to the cosmical model and sizes in the order of 10^-50 m. Perhaps they are also related to the supercosmical model, although the chances of this are slightly smaller.
Main particle from the galactical model will correspond to a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. Perhaps quarks are made of such particles. One can also consider the hypothesis that these particles are micro black holes that have ended their lives as particles, by evaporating. These evaporating micro black holes can produce all the particles from the galactical model (compare stars in the galaxy). The only issue is that these particles can also be building blocks of, for example, quarks.
The bonds of particles from the galactic model and higher models are probably - like quark-gluon bonds - indecomposable (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2023). 4. Mainly rubbish fills present physics, for example - cosmical branes giving beginning to big bang and creating other universes, multidimensionality, strings existing in 10 dimensions, string theory, microbubbles, hyperspace and so on. They are products of exuberant speculation completely detached from reality. We need to get out of the nonsense of current physics. Today's physics is dominated by pathological speculations such as string theory and hyperspace.
And several words about atomistic paradigm of Natural Sciences. Against claims of such philosophers as Popper atomism does not descend from metaphysical speculations. Democritus took over this view from Hindus during his travels in the east, conception of atoms existed there at the very latest about VIII century BC, and was based on paranormal perceptions of yogis - a source could be only paranormal activity, but for sure not philosophical speculation, in Europe spherical atoms appeared not before XIX century AD. (year 2014) 5. Theory of everything (TOE) Two theories which modern physics is based on is the general theory of relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics (QM). GR refers to great phenomena in cosmic scales, where gravity works. QM refers to phenomena in microscale, relates to particles and interactions. Years of research have shown that these two theories work well in experiments. On the other hand they are incompatible with each other. This inconsistency is revealed in very much small scale, Planck scale. To solve it, one should discover the theory showing a deeper reality, it will be the TOE, explaining all phenomena in the universe.
Among ancient theories, apart from atomism, we can find another one equally useful theory created by the Greek sophist Gorgias who lived in the 5th century BC, which turns out to be helpful in searching for the TOE. In the work On Non-Existence we can find the first thesis of this theory: nothing exists. If Democritus's concept assumed that there were only atoms and vacuum, then, with some approximation, Gorgias' concept would assume that there was only vacuum. So the basis of matter is vacuum (space).
The TOE, it will be a concept where space creates matter. And more specifically the square microgrid of space, 10^-80 m in size creates matter by twisting (more precisely, it creates the smallest particles by twisting, and these combine into larger particles). This is similar to computer simulations from 1980's of XX century, where the simulation grids gave images of three-dimensional objects. This microgrid is like a mental simulation, and in a half it is. The basis for matter is square microgrid of space sizes in the order of 10^-80 m. So matter is made of space. (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2019).
The concept of a square microgrid of space is compatible with the holographic concept, as this microgrid probably exists in two dimensions. Gravity would be the concave bending of this microgrid (see diagram 2), under the influence of its accumulation in the form of matter which it creates by twisting. Gravitons are formed directly from this microgrid, and through its concavity they acquire an attractive charge. Gravitons are bulges of the considered microgrid. Other particles from a level close to the level of gravitons hang from the considered microgrid as if on a string.
diagram 2. Represents gravity in two-dimensional space. The picture is closer to the truth than you might think. Gravity is actually the concavity of a two-dimensional square microgrid, of course this microgrid is much finer than shown in the image above.
The Theory of Everything I have presented is different from the theory of gravity itself and is more fundamental than the theory of gravity.In my early twenties, I observed a square microgrid of space through quasiparanormal perception (observing animate matter at the lowest possible level). I encourage readers to observe this structure for themselves. The symbol of matter is a ball (circle). Let's take planets, stars, atoms and particles. The square shape of the microgrid follows from the order of geometric forms, one of the basic geometric forms is the square. Reduction of all processes to basic geometric forms can be justified. Above the microgrid, i.e. space-time, or rather spacetimematter, there is a sphere of simple, ideal geometric forms (this concept resembles the Platonic doctrine, except that it does not contain abstract ideas). All phenomena can be reduced to geometry. However, the TOE I presented is incomplete, the proper theory of everything should describe God and creation (the universe), i.e. it should be a theological-natural theory. (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2023) 6. Solution of the problem of Wave-particle duality, condensing model One of the biggest puzzles is the problem of how light in classical physics can be a wave, while in quantum physics it is in the form of photons or particles. The light ray is a wave but the energy transmits matter in the form of photons. Thus, it can also be assumed that any other particle, for example a moving electron, can be a wave of matter. The existence of matter waves was confirmed in 1927. Also in 1927 the uncertainty principle was formulated, stating that it is impossible to measure the position and momentum of a particle with unlimited accuracy. The issues considered are related to the problem of wave-particle duality.
Wave-particle duality, the property of matter, for example electrons, in that in some conditions the wave character is manifested, and in others corpuscular character. Wave properties are revealed by diffraction and interference phenomena. Classical physics could not explain, for example, the photoelectric phenomenon, the adoption of the concept of a discrete radiation structure enabled solving this difficulty. Electron diffraction has shown that molecules have wave properties in addition to their corpuscular properties. Current theory assumes that all molecules have both wave and corpuscular character. This fact has been checked not only for elementary particles but also for composite particles such as atoms. Recognition of the dual nature of matter is the basis of modern physics.
So far, considered duality remains a mystery, this is my explanation of this enigma. The problem of wave-particle duality is in fact a problem of trichotomy, where the third state are fields. At the explanation of this problem it is possible to invoke phenomenon of three states of concentration of the matter, the solid state, liquid and gas. This phenomenon determines the model for the problem of trichotomy in the microworld. Three states of concentration of the matter it is possible to implement by the fourth state which is the vacuum. Contractual condensation of the vacuum gives the highest state of concentration, gas. The further condensation gives the liquid state of concentration, still further the solid state of concentration. So the vacuum condenses into fields, fields condense into waves, waves condense into particles - I will correct this model accordingly in a moment. The formation of particles directly from the fields corresponds to gas resublimation. These considerations make for the conclusion that the base for three states of the microworld is the vacuum. So particles, waves and fields are just a condensed form of vacuum (space). On the ground of STM (see paragraph 1) we can reach explanation where particles, waves and fields can be brought to the space.
The vacuum or space itself is in three states, the firstfruits of particle, wave and field matter. First we have the firstfruits of particle matter, the square microgrid, which is what the particles are made of. Later we have the firstfruits of wave matter - asymmetric microgrid, waves are made of it. Then the firstfruits of field matter, straight parallel lines, from which the fields are composed. It can be said that these firstfruits of fields are themselves a field, and the vacuum (space) itself is a field.
So it appears that matter is simply of a threefold nature, because the space from which it arises has a threefold nature. There are three microgrids, a particle microgrid, a wave microgrid, and a field microgrid.
Vacuum (space) has a threefold nature depending on the degree of rarefaction. The most compact is the square microgrid, corresponding to solid bodies. The asymmetric microgrid, corresponding to fluids, is more rarefied. The most rarefied is the linear microgrid corresponding to gases. The fourth hypothetical state of space is emptiness, a vacuum without any structures. This means that in a certain case the space would be truly empty, as it seems in the ordinary way of perceiving it.
In the original model, I assumed that vacuum condenses into fields, fields condense into waves, and waves condense into particles. In the current model, I assume that the vacuum itself is in the appropriate four states and is itself subject to internal condensation through subsequent states corresponding to vacuum, fields, waves and particles.
I am also considering such a thread. The key to solving the wave-particle duality is the statement that the wave nature is revealed in fast motion, and in relative stillness we are dealing with particle nature. In fact, similarly to contraction and dilation in special relativity, a wave phenomenon occurs when particles quickly move. Particles in rapid motion turn into waves, and in relative stillness they turn into particles. This is how the phenomenon of wave-particle duality can be explained. 7. Popper's Falsificationism seems to be wrong because the theory tests always strive to confirm it or confirmation and not refute it. So this concept is not unreliable with the actual way science is practiced. From the point of view of scientific research, striving to refute the theory seems to be a kind of nonsense and is something illogical.
For example, General Relativity found confirmation in the Mercury orbit anomalies that Newton's theory could not explain. This confirmation is treated as proof of the validity of the theory. Of course, you can give more examples.
Knowledge is inherently uncertain, as the ancient skeptics have already demonstrated. Therefore, science must use invalid inferences. Induction inferences is one of the basic types of inference of empirical sciences. These are uncertain inferences. Deductive inferences belong to the field of formal sciences such as mathematics and logic. On the basis of empirical science, the use of deduction is not meaningfully possible. By the way, ancient skeptics have also undermined the credibility of the deduction. Popper's falsificationism is a delusion of deductive certainty. (year 2019) 8. Regarding paragraph 1, thus, objects that move away decrease and objects that move closer enlarge. This can be called an ordinary contraction and dilatation, respectively. This ordinary phenomenon confirms the validity of the assumption about the unity of space and matter, and therefore also due to the concept of space-time on the unity of time, space and matter. (year 2020) 9. Black holes, Big-Bang On the basis of the supercosmical model of subquark particles, we can obtain an explanation of the mystery of black holes. The use of quantization produces specific results. Alleged black hole is a kind of black star - with size about a star for our galaxy - consisting from condensate of small particles corresponding with gravitons. Black because does not let go photons. More suitable name than black hole is for this object name black star. So called event horizon is identical with its surface, so called Schwarzschild radius relates to its real radius. Inside the black star in the center of our galaxy, there is a singularity in which the tunnel with a very small cross-section opens and leads in to the a dead body the size of a planet in a big distance (probably other galaxy). This body is dead after some time has passed since the black star at the center of our galaxy has gone dormant and is no longer taking in new material.
The theory of the black star is justified by the fact that it logically complements the sequence of stars, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, strange stars, preon stars, up to a black star.
I should add also that primeval sinagularity which was a beginning of Universe had size not a very small particle but a size of the order of 1 inch. Thus there was no period of inflation and this concept must fail. The previous concept of the big bang, where we are dealing with extremely small sizes of the original singularity, seems to be nonsense. To assume the existence of such a small object for the entire cosmos is nonsense (I created the black star theory in 2012, only originally black star without a tunnel). (year 2023, 2024) 10. Antigravity Drive Antigravitons or antiparticles of gravitons can be used in the construction of an antigravity drive because they probably generate antigravity. The propulsion of the antigravity vehicle will be a miniature anti black hole with an anti singularity inside, built from antiparticles to particles at the level of gravitons. Another possibility is a drive built with an anti singularity. So, visions of flying cars from science fiction movies can be put into practice. (year 2021) 11. In 2015 Japanese scientists sent 1.8 kilowatts of electricity using microwaves over a distance of 55 meters. Also Japanese scientists from JAXA (Japanese Space Exploration Agency) assume that around 2040 it will be possible to send electricity from Earth's orbit. What I would like to note is the fact that in the distant future it will be possible to send electricity directly from the Sun through wireless channels. 12. What is the nature of time? A microgrid of space, 10^-80 m in size creates matter and this microgrid is created by God. In fact, a space microgrid can also be a time microgrid. Because of the concept of space-time. This microgrid is of course also a microgrid of matter, which is consistent with STM (see paragraph 1 and 8) and can be treated as a microgrid of space, time and matter. Time has a discontinuous yet continuous nature. (year 2019) 14. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we cannot precisely measure the position and velocity of a particle at the same time. If we determine the exact position, we cannot determine the speed. And if we determine the exact speed, we cannot determine the position. From this principle, fundamental to all physics, we can conclude that particles are more than just particles. They have a threefold nature: apart from the molecular nature, there is a wave nature and a field nature. Thus, beings that appear as particles under certain conditions, as waves under certain conditions, and as fields under certain conditions have a triple nature, as if they had three faces. To be precise, it would be necessary to say that these beings (they would have to be named somehow) have a quadruple nature, the fourth face is vacuum (space). 15. In 1982, at the University of Paris, a team of researchers led by Alain Aspect conducted a series of experiments to confirm or deny a concept called hidden parameter theory. The behavior of two photons traveling from one source in opposite directions was studied. Two photons are recorded by detectors that measure the polarization of light. According to quantum mechanics, this property is not determined until it is measured. According to the hidden parameter theory, the two photons in question have a specific polarization already at the moment they are produced. Because these photons are emitted simultaneously, their polarizations are correlated. However, quantum mechanics predicts a different type of correlation and hidden parameter theory predicts a different type.
The results of this key experiment show that photon polarizations are correlated exactly as predicted by quantum mechanics. The act of measuring the polarization of one photon has an immediate effect on the second photon, changing its state, which is also assumed by quantum mechanics. Two photons have some kind of interaction between them, even though they are moving away from each other at the speed of light, and special relativity says that no signal can travel faster than light. The result of Aspect's experiment proves that the hidden parameter theory is wrong and thinking about fundamental particles in terms of common realism fails. The photons examined seem to be inextricably linked into some invisible whole, and each of them knows what is happening to the other.
Quantum mechanics assumes that the act of measurement, or rather the act of consciousness associated with measurement, determines the polarization of the two photons in question. However, it does not explain why this happens. I would like to explain the phenomenon described earlier on the basis of my philosophical theory which I called ideomaterialism. The basic assumption of this theory is that reality can be divided into two parts, one of them is the part belonging to the mind, the other part belongs to matter. They divide reality in half (for more see my text Philosophical research).
Thus, the immediate interaction of two correlated photons from the Aspect experiment comes from the fact that the mind, and therefore also thought, determines the state of these photons. Thought is faster than light. A thought that determines the state of one photon also determines the state of the other photon. The mind and the act of measurement determine the state of photons, because their state is largely a mental phenomenon. So adopting a certain degree of idealism (while also taking into account materialism) can explain this strange phenomenon to us. 16. Notes on chaos theory. E. Lorenz's butterfly, related to the issue of the butterfly effect, where the flapping of this insect's wings in Brazil can lead to a hurricane in Florida after a month, and the Lorenz attractor has a magical connection. The Lorenz attractor resembles a butterfly. The Lorenz attractor arises as a graph in three-dimensional phase space.
diagram 3. Lorenz's Attractor.
Phase space is a space in which coordinates represent certain physical quantities, for example viscosity, temperature, size. We could probably talk about the magic of similarity (association by similarity) in the case of the butterfly and the Lorenz attractor. This is a confident proposal to solve the mystery of the relationship between these two objects, although the depth of the mystery of this relationship may still remain hidden. I will also add that the concept of mystery is a key concept for the entire cognitive process and seems to occupy a place above the rational mind, similarly, magical practices properly cleansed of all the burden of superstitions occupy a place above the rational mind. Mystery is everywhere.
I know from my own research experience that the most important concept for the entire theory of science is the process of scientific discovery. The physical model of the psychological process of discovery is the strike of lightning. Discovery is a mental flash, the manifestation of a higher intellectual process. Larger discoveries are usually a manifestation of a scientist's genius. Certain competences in the form of the knowledge accumulated by the scientist are required to be discovered.A mystery can move from the level above reason to the area of discovery and the level of reason. What hides in darkness and mystery can sometimes come to light and discovery. This darkness can be illuminated by a flash of discovery. Thus, we can distinguish two most important cognitive orders, the order of mystery and the order of discovery. 17. The genetic code of the universe encodes life and intelligence (compare the anthropic principle). The explanation for the emergence of intelligence can be achieved by going back to the origins of the cosmos. Our cosmos was probably created by God the Father. This would explain the genetic code of the universe. (year 2023) Gregory Podgorniak, Poland
Comte's Theory of Science
According to him whole of sciences consists of theoretical and applied knowledge. Theoretical
knowledge divide on general fields as physics or biology, which are an object of his research and detailed
such as botany, zoology or mineralogy. Main fields mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry,
biology and sociology it is possible to order according to decrescent range of research and
complicatedness of theoretical tools what is connected with growing complexity of investigated
phenomenones. Following sciences are based on previous, for example to methodically capture chemistry,
we must imply acquaintance of physics, because all chemical phenomena are more complicated than
physical phenomena, are also from them dependent and themselves do not have on them an influence.
Similarly sciences classified as earlier, are older and more advanced from these which are presented
as later. This theory is clearly analogous to Mariotte's Law.
Mariotte's Law
Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist, meteorologist, physiologist. He initiated meteorological
research and measurement.
In his Discourse on the Nature of Air (1676) coined the word barometer
and formulate basic tenet of physics called Mariotte's law states that at constant
temperature T volume V of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional as its pressure
p:
pV = constant
its graph is hyperbole:
pV = const = nrT
p = rT / V
about the author, My name is Gregory Podgorniak (brn. 01.1977, Szczecinek, West Pomerania, Poland). I am working
on field of natural as well as social sciences. During philosophical studies at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (1996-1999)
I was actively act in student scientific organisation, got a scientific scholarship, and one from my articles titled Circulus vitiosus and fourfold petitio principii in the system of Descartes was published in Humanistic Drafts of Publishing House of Humaniora Foundation in Poznan, no. 6, 1998. Unfortunately certain fate events
made impossible to me continuing studies to master's and later doctor's degree. Thence I was forced to be content only with a title of bachelor.Thanks to deep and penetrating researchings I was able to establish indisputably some number of my past incarnations reaching of ancient period, these data are certain, these incarnations are: Auguste Comte (1798-1857) French philosopher and sociologist, Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) French physicist and meteorologist, Bodhidharma (5th or 6th century) buddhist patriarch, Aenesidemus (1 st century BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Arcesilaus (315-241 BC) Greek sceptical philosopher, Gorgias (485-380 BC) Greek sophist. email contact: podgorniakgre@gmail.com see also my text: How to increase your IQ level ? How to improve your IQ ? map of my research
